Boy, I could have a lot of fun with this one, especially when this site is geared toward the little .204.
When I turned 14, I was a little squirt. My dad and brothers all shot .270s. I was smaller however and we got me a .243. I killed a lot of antelope and deer with that rifle. I even went elk hunting with that gun but never got a shot at one. I was armed with 100 grain partitions however.
My dad had a friend that would always hunt elk with a .243 and, for awhile, he got one nearly every year. As I got older and considered hunting elk again, I decided to upgrade my little .243 to something bigger. At the time, the .270 WSM had just come out and was gaining momentum. Considering that my dad had killed MANY elk with his .270 without premium bullets, I figured that I would be better off than he was if I had a .270 WSM and premium bullets.
So far, I have gotten two elk, a spike with a 130 gr. Hornady Interbond and the 5 point this year with a 130 gr. Barnes TSX.
My thought is that for elk, you should use as big of a gun as you can shoot accurately. I consider a .270 the minimum! As I was growing up using my .243, my dad was always there to back me up with his .270. But I would never advise anyone to shoot an elk with a .243. Can it be done? Sure! It has been done many times. Put a premium .243 bullet in the boiler room of an elk at relatively close range and it will die. But shot placement becomes critical! There is little room for error!
And here is the delima. Many times, hunters of small stature, youth and women for example, use the smaller calibers. Too often, these hunters do not have the experience necessary to make the shots that will anchor a bull elk. I do not mean to offend anyone! I fell into this category when I was younger and my wife does now. She currently hunts elk with a muzzle loader. But if she ever decides to chase them with a rifle, I would get her an autoloader with a muzzle brake so that she could step up to a larger caliber while still maintaining the ability to shoot it comfortably.
As a side note, I have a friend who has a lot of magnums. Last year, he shot a nice bull elk with his .375 Ultra Mag. Hmm... I wonder if that was enough gun!
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He has given me a hard time about my little "girly gun". Still, he was impressed by my .270 WSM and he got one just to mess around with. "I'll use it for antelope and maybe a deer," he would say. Well, this year on his son's elk hunt, they get out of the truck and his son grabs his .300 WSM but can't get the bolt open to load the gun. They fumbled with it for awhile but still could not get it open.
The only other gun they had with them was (you guessed it) his "little" .270 WSM. So off they went. Later that morning, his son had shot a 343 bull with that rifle. He had to shoot it three times. However, it was not the gun's fault. The bull was running and the first shot hit him in the butt. Second shot went into the gut. The third and final shot went into the shoulders. He was using a 130 grain Accubond. I sure got a kick out of his story and his "delima" of having to use his "girly gun"!